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ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА № 4
ЗАДАНИЕ 1. Прочитайте текст Banksand Business и переведите на русский язык, используя предложенные слова и словосочетания.
В разных странах, разные банки. Давайте поговорим о банках в Соедененных Штатах Америки. Там, коммерческие банки разделены на 2 основные группы. Первая – национальные банки. Они создаются и управляются федералами (Высшие федеральные органы США). Вторая – государственные банки. Они создаются и управляются штатом в котором они находятся. Все коммерческие банки предоставляют кредиты, заемщикам.
Наиболее важные коммерческие банки в таких городах как Токио, Париж, Рио, кооперируются друг с другом. Таким образом они финансируют импорт и экспорт между странами. Импортер, покупает товар из другой страны, используя валюту страны-продовца. Для этой цели, он покупает валюту из иностранного департамента своего же банка. Точно так же экспортер получает деньги за продажу в другие страны, он продает эту (иностранную) валюту своему банку. Таким способом, валюта любой страны, может быть обменена.
ЗАДАНИЕ 2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту BanksandBusinessписьменно.
1. What do all commercial banks do?
1. They make loans to the borrowers.
2. What kinds of commercial banks in the USA do you know? What are they called?
2. There are 2 main groups of commercial banks in the US. First group is called “National banks” and the second is called “State banks”
3. Who supervises the operations of national banks?
3. Federal Government does.
4. What kind of currency does an importer generally use when he buys goods from another country?
4. Usually he uses the sellers country currency.
ЗАДАНИЕ 3. Вставьте подходящие слова в предложения.
merchandise currency commercial foreign exchange
to finance to supervise to charter
1. Federal government chartsand supervises all national banks.
2. International cooperation between banks makes it possible to finance imports and exports.
3. It is possible to convert American dollars to Swiss francs in the foreign exchange department.
4. The currency of Germany is the mark.
5. All commercial banks make loans to borrowers.
6. If the importer buys merchandise from another country he will pay for it in the currency of this country.
ЗАДАНИЕ 5.Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя слова и словосочетания из задания 4.
1. Государство учреждает коммерческие банки.
1. Government charts commercial banks.
2. Если ты хочешь купить товары за границей, ты должен поменять деньги в отделе обмена валюты.
2. If you want to buy merchandise abroad, you have to change currency in an exchangedepartment
3. Я бы хотел сделать карьеру в банковском деле.
3. I want to succeed in banking.
4. Все банки устанавливают проценты на ссуду.
4. All banks charge interest on the loan.
5. Наш банк намерен предоставить краткосрочную ссуду этому предприятию.
5. Our bank intends to provide short-term loan to this company.
6. Наименьший процент со ссуды предоставляется привилегированным клиентам.
6. The prime-rate from loans is provided to the privileged customers.
7. Банки могут выпускать аккредитивы и рекомендательные письма.
7. Banks can provide letters of credit and credit reference letters.
8. Я намерен занять крупную сумму денег.
8. I am going to borrow a large sum of money.
9. Банк считает, что это предприятие платежеспособно и ему можно предоставить заем.
9. The Bank believes that this company is eligible and it can be given a loan.
ЗАДАНИЕ 6. Прочитайте текст Accounting и переведите на русский язык, используя предложенные слова и словосочетания.
Accounting
Accounting shows a financial picture of the firm. An accounting department records and measures the activity of a business. It reports on the effects of the transactions on the firm’s financial condition. Accounting records give a very important data. It is used by management, stockholders, creditors, independent analysts, banks and government.
Most businesses prepare regularly the two types of records. That is the income statement and balance sheet. These statements show how money was received and spend by the company.
One major tool for the analysis of accounting records is ratio analysis. A ratio analysis is the relationship of two figures. In finance we operate with three main categories of ratios. One ratio deals with profitability, for example, the Return on Investment Ratio. It is used as a measure of a firms operating efficiency.
The second set of ratios deals with assets and liabilities. It helps a company to evaluate its current financial position. The third set of ratios deals with the overall financial structure of the company. It analyses the value of the ownership of the firm.
Бугалтерия.
Бугалтерский учет показывает финансовое состояние фирмы. Бугалтерский отдел документирует и измеряет активность бизнеса. Это сказывается на протоколах о финансовом состоянии фирмы. Бугалтерские записи обеспечивают (содержат) очень важной/ую информацией/ю управленцев. Они используются администрацией, инвесторами, кредиторами, независимыми экспертами, банками и правительством.
Большинство фирм обычно подготавливают 2 вида отчетов. Отчет о доходах и состояние счетов. Эти отчеты показывают как деньги были получены и потрачены компанией.
Один из важнейших инструментов для анализирования бугалтерского учета это анализкоэффициентов. Анализкоэффициентов это соотношение 2 показателей. В финансировании, мы оперируем 3 основными категориями коэффицентов. Один коэффицент отвечает за прибыльность, на пример: коэффициентвозвращенияинвестиций. Он используется для определения рабочей производительности. Втрой коэффицент отвечает за активы и кредиторскую задолжность. Это помогает компании оценивать свою финансовую позицию. Третий коэффицент отвечает за полную финансовую стуктуру компании. Он оценивает стоимость собственности фирмы.
ЗАДАНИЕ 7. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту Accounting письменно.
1. What is the purpose of accounting?
1. To show a financial picture of the firm.
2. Who uses the data provided by accounting firms?
2. It is used by management, stockholders, creditors, independent analysts, banks and government.
3. What are the two types of records which most businesses prepare?
3. The two types of records are: the income statement and the balance sheet.
4. What can you know analyzing the income statement and balance sheet of a company?
4. You can see how the money was received and spend by the company.
5. What is the purpose of the ratio analysis?
5. It is used as a measure of a firms operating efficiency, it helps a company to evaluate its current financial position, it analyses the value of the ownership of the firm.
6. What categories of ratios in finance do you know?
6. In finance we operate with three main categories of ratios. One ratio deals with profitability, the second set of ratios deals with assets and liabilities, the third set of ratios deals with the overall financial structure of the company.
ЗАДАНИЕ 8. Вставьте подходящие слова в предложения.
to profit profit efficiency ownership to evaluate
transaction data income to measure
1. An accounting helps to measure the activity of a business.
2. Do you know the effect of your last transaction on financial condition of the firm?
3. Accounting records provide data for stock-holders, independent analysts.
4. The second type of ratio helps the company to evaluate its current financial position.
5. Income is one the two main records which most of the businesses prepare regularly.
6. The ownership of the company includes real estate in California.
7. I am sure of the profit of this transaction.
8. Our company’s current efficiency is very high.
9. They profit from the association with that corporation.
Banks. Banks are organizations that
Banks.
Banks are organizations that carry out the business of banking, taking deposits and then using those deposits to make loans. In essence, a bank aims to make a profit by paying depositors a lower rate of interest than the rate the bank charges borrowers. In accounting terms deposits are considered liabilities(because they have to be repaid), and loans are considered assets Banks in most countries are supervised by a central bank, such as the Bank of England in the United Kingdom, the Bundesbank in Germany, the Federal Reserve System in the United States and Central Bank in Russia.
There are many different types of bank, and the banking structure varies from one country to another Banks can fall into the following categories:
Retail banks are often referred to as commercial banks. In addition to conventional banking services, such as the provision of chequing accounts, they deal in foreign exchange, issue credit cards, provide investment and tax advice, and sell financial products such as insurance. In the United Kingdom the biggest retail banks(by assets) are Barclays Bank, National Westminster Bank, Midland Bank, Abbey National Bank and Lloyds Bank
Merchant or investment banks act as intermediaries between investors and private or public concerns seeking medium to long-term funds, often acting as underwriters
15:56:00
for an issue of shares. Increasingly they have played a fundamental role in advising on mergers and acquisitions, and on management buy-outs. In the United Kingdom, some of the longest established and best-known merchant banks are still privately owned.
Building societies were set up in the United King dom to take deposits in order to provide long-term loans(mortgages) to homebuyers. They are owned by their members(those who have deposited money with or borrowed money from them).
Savings Banks were set up with the aim of attracting small savers. They resemble retail banks in the they provide.
Credit unions are the equivalents of savings banks and are run as a cooperative nonprofit-making orga nization. Credit unions are widespread in the United States. France’s biggest bank, Credit Agricole, is es sentially a federation of more than 3,000 credit unions.
Universal banks are those, such as Germany’s Deut- sche Bank, Dresdner Bank, and Commerzbank, which do everything that the above types of banks do
Есть много различных типов банка, а банковская структура варьируется от одной страны к другой банки могут подразделяются на следующие категории:
Сберегательные банки были созданы с целью привлечения мелких вкладчиков. Они напоминают розничные банки в они предоставляют.
Английский для студентов-экономистов. Часть 2 (стр. 11 )
 | Из за большого объема этот материал размещен на нескольких страницах: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 |
overall output — общий объем производства
cause-and-effect relationships — причинно-следственные связи
production and consumption — производство и потребление
factors of production — факторы производства
human resources — человеческие ресурсы
capital and entrepreneur-ship — капитал и предпринимательство
return or reward — доход i или вознаграждение
wildlife and timber resources — живая природа и ресурсы древесины
to allocate the factors of production — размещать факторы производства
to postpone – откладывать
Answer the questions:
1. What’s the difference between macroeconomics and microeconomics?
2. What questions does macroeconomics examine?
3. What questions does microeconomics examine?
4. What are the factors of production?
5. What is the fuel that drives the economy?
6. What are the natural resources?
7. What is called «the price paid for the use of labor»?
8. What is the capital?
9. What is the role of entrepreneurship in production?
Прочитать перевести текст.
The goldsmiths of the seventeenth century were the first real English bankers.
Gold and silver were accepted internationally for the payment of debts. Gold was most commonly used in this country. Consequently, merchants needed to keep some in reserve to meet their demands. They placed these stocks in gold with the goldsmiths for safekeeping. In return for the gold the goldsmiths issued receipts, upon presentation of which the gold would be repaid. From this process two customs naturally emerged. The merchants realized that it was not necessary to go to the goldsmiths and withdraw gold every time they needed money when other merchants who knew or trusted the goldsmith were willing to accept a receipt instead. This was the beginning of the use of paper money. Soon the goldsmiths realized that while people who had deposited gold with them would want to withdraw it at some time, not everyone withdrew simultaneously. Consequently, as long as sufficient gold was retained to meet the demand for withdrawals, the rest could be lent to reliable customers on payment of interest. From these beginnings gradually emerged the foundations of the modern banking system. Today this is sophisticated, highly organized and efficient, but the basic functions, namely to receive deposits and keep them safe, make loans and facilitate the transfer of money, still remain.
Прочитать перевести текст.
Banks are closely concerned with the flow of money into and out of the economy. They often cooperate with governments in efforts to stabilize economies and to prevent inflation. They are specialists in the business of providing capital, and in allocating funds on credit. Banks originated as places to which people took their valuables for safekeeping, but today the great banks of the world have many functions in addition to acting as guardians of valuable private possessions.
Banks normally receive money from their customers in two distinct forms: on current account, and on deposit account. With a current account, a customer can issue personal cheques. No interest is usually paid by the bank on this type of account. With a deposit account, however, the customer undertakes to leave his money in the bank for a minimum specified period of time. Interest is paid on this money.
The bank in turn lends the deposited money to customers who need capital. This activity earns interest for a bank, and this interest is almost always at a higher rate than any interest, which the bank pays to its depositors. In this way the bank makes its main profits.
We can say that the primary function of a bank today is to act as an intermediary between depositors who wish to make interest on their savings, and borrowers who wish to obtain capital. The bank is a reservoir of loanable morney, with streams of money flowing in and out. For this reason, economists and financiers often talk of money being ‘liquid’, or of the ‘liquidity’ of money. Many small sums which might not otherwise be used as capital are rendered useful simply because the bank acts as a reservoir.
The system of banking rests upon a basis of trust. Innumerable acts of trust build up the system of which bankers, depositors and borrowers are part. They all agree to behave in certain predictable ways in relation to each other, in relation to the rapid fluctuations of credit and debit. Consequently, business can be done and cheques can be written without any legal tender visibly changing hands.
1. What is the main function of a bank?
2. Do banks cooperate with governments?
3. Does the bank pay any interest on current account?
4. Does the bank pay any interest on deposit account?
5. How can money be ‘liquid’?
6. The system of banking rests upon a basis of trust, doesn’t it?
7. Do banks act only as guardians of valuable private possessions?
Прочитать перевести текст.
Today the British banking is a complicated tripartite system like a three-layer cake. The system is headed by the Bank of England.
This bank was established under a royal charter in 1694. The head of the Bank is Governor of the Bank appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. The Queen also appoints Deputy Governor and the Court of Directors, which consists of 16 directors.
The Bank of England is a central bank or a national bank. It controls the British banking system, issues banknotes and mints coins. It lends and borrows money for the government, manages the national debt and is in the control of the nation’s gold reserve. The other two layers are:
• the commercial or joint stock clearing banks
• specialized banking institutions such as the discount houses and merchant banks.
The commercial or joint stock banks deal with the general public. The four large English commercial banks are known as the Big Four. They are Barclays, Lloyds, the Midland, and the National Westminster. Together they have upwards of 10,000 mercial banks render various services to companies and individuals. Some of the services are:
• to receive or accept from their customers the deposit of money
• to collect and transfer money both at home and abroad against deposit and current accounts
• to provide overdrafts to both personal and business customers
• to lend loans to their customers
• to supply economic information and to prepare economic reviews to be published
• to make foreign exchange transactions, including spot transactions, forward transactions and swap transactions
• to issue various banker’s cards
Merchant banks and discount houses deal only with special customers providing funds for special purposes. They accept commercial bills of exchange and offer quite a lot of financial services. They provide advisory services about new issues of securities, mergers, take-overs and reorganizations. They also arrange financing for their customers and provide fund-management services.
Besides there is a big group of banks in the UK made up of foreign banks. All the major foreign banks are represented in the UK by subsidiary, branch, representative offices or consortium. They provide finance both in sterling and in other currencies and offer a wide range of financial services.
Lombard Street is the symbol of British banking. This is the place where the first bankers coming from Italy settled.
1. The Bank of England is a central bank, isn’t it?
2. Who appoints the head of the Bank of England?
3. Deputy Governor is appointed by the Queen, isn’t he?
4. Are there any foreign banks in the UK?
5. What is the Big Four?
6. What kind of services do merchant banks provide?
Прочитать перевести текст.
Commerzbank AG’s domestic operations include a national network of over 700 branches. Internationally, the Group’s activities are concentrated primarily in Europe. Additional operations are maintained in key markets such as the USA Commerzbank also has participations in and cooperations with, a number of institutions worldwide.
A bank should and indeed must be primarily a provider of services. Our market success is gauged first and foremost by how well it performs this function. The yardstick is customer satisfaction, to which we at Commerzbank are wholeheartedly committed.
We see ourselves as an efficient provider of financial services for demanding private customers in Germany. We are also the creative relationship bank for the successful German Mittelstand, for major corporates and institutions in Europe as well as multinationals from all over the world.
In regional terms, we are concentrating on Germany, where we provide integrated financial services, operating a nationwide branch network to advise and sell our products to all customer groups. In corporate business, we also look upon Western, Central and Eastern Europe as our core market, and North America as well, where we have a long tradition.
1. Where is Commerzbank located?
2. When was it established?
3. Is it a state bank or a private bank?
4. How many employees does it have?
5. Does it serve 7 thousand or 7 million customers?
6. The bank has subsidiaries all over the world, does it?
ДЕЛОВОЕ И ЧАСНОЕ ПИСЬМО. УСТРОЙСТВО НА РАБОТУ.
Прочитайте и переведите текст.
Выпишите и выучите незнакомые слова.
The aim in business writing is to communicate as clearly and concisely as you can. In our high-tech culture we expect many tasks to take far less time than they do. Writing is one of them. The ability to write well — clearly and concisely — is not an ancillary skill; it is an essential skill. Contrary to general belief, writing is not something only ‘writers’ do; it is a basic skill for getting through life. However, writing is a high-level conceptual skill and it does take time. Many mental activities are taking place while you are writing: analyzing the audience, remembering and deciding on what information to present, organizing the information, putting it into comprehensible sentences, paying attention to the ailes of good writing, proofreading, etc.
When getting started, remember, if you gain control of yourself, you will gain control of your topic.
• First of all you ask yourself the question about the purpose of your writing:
Are you writing to inquire, inform, persuade, motivate, or do you have more than one purpose?
Second, get interested in its scope:
• Given your needs and your reader’s needs, how much information should you include?
Third, see clearly the contents of your writing:
• What kind of information will help you to achieve your purpose? Do you have all information you need? How, or where, can you get additional information?
At last, you should ask yourself about the available constraints:
• What makes your task more difficult? Time or cost constraints? Your reader’s attitudes? Your own lack of credibility?
Put yourself in your reader’s place and look at the message through his eyes. Most of the readers want the results of your thinking, not the thinking itself. Remember that there is a difference between thinking and communicating. When experimenting with various ways to organize the information be guided by two factors: (1) your reader’s knowledge and interest and (2) your purpose and the information itself. The contents of any letter may be summarized as follows: (1) opening, (2) purpose; (3) action, and (4) polite expressions.
1. What should you take into consideration while you are writing?
2. What can be the purposes of your writing?
3. What should you keep in mind while writing?
4. Why are readers more interested in the results of the writer’s thinking?
5. Can you write well?
6. How important for you is the ability to write well?
7. What is the most important to organize information properly?
III. Запомните эти слова и составьте с ними предложения.