Краткое сообщение на иностранном языке по теме «Logistics».
| Одобрен на заседании ПЦК от «__»__________2017 г. протокол № _____ Председатель __________Жукова Т.С. | ЭКЗАМЕНАЦИОННЫЙ БИЛЕТ № 14 по специальности: 190701 «Организация перевозок и управление на транспорте (автомобильном)» дисциплина : «Иностранный язык» | УТВЕРЖДАЮ Руководитель учебного подразделения СПО ________Прошева Н.Н. |
1. Прочитайте и переведите текст на русский язык. Ответьте на вопросы.
Chassis
The main units of the chassis are: the power transmission, the running gear and the steering mechanism.
The power transmission includes the whole mechanism between the engine and the rear wheels. This entire mechanism consists of the clutch, gearbox, cardan shaft, rear axle, final drive, differential and axle shafts. At the front end of the car is the engine. On the back of it is the flywheel. Behind the flywheel is the clutch. The clutch is a friction device connecting the engine with the gears of the gearbox. The main function of the gearbox is to change the speed of the car. The power is always transmitted by the cardan shaft to the live back axle.
The final drive reduces the high speed of the engine to the low speed of the driving wheels. The differential enables the driving wheels to turn at different speeds which is necessary when turning the car. The foundation of the automobile is the frame to which different chassis units are attached.
1. What are the main units of the chassis?
2. What does the power transmission include?
3. What is the clutch?
4. What is the main function of the gearbox?
Краткое сообщение на иностранном языке по теме «Transport».
| Одобрен на заседании ПЦК от «__»__________2017 г. протокол № _____ Председатель __________Жукова Т.С. | ЭКЗАМЕНАЦИОННЫЙ БИЛЕТ № 15 по специальности: 190701 «Организация перевозок и управление на транспорте (автомобильном)» дисциплина : «Иностранный язык» | УТВЕРЖДАЮ Руководитель учебного подразделения СПО ________Прошева Н.Н. |
1. Прочитайте и переведите текст на русский язык. Ответьте на вопросы.
Every year several thousand people are killed on the roads. Every year hundred thousand people are injured. These people are killed and injured in road accidents. Accidents are often caused by carelessness of the people. The data indicate that in road accidents the passengers who use different kinds of safety belts suffer from the impacts less than the passengers who don’t use ones. It was shown that safety belts had reduced the risk of serious injuries. Accidents can be divided into three types: 1. Head-on impacts between cars; 2. Side impacts caused by accidents at intersections; 3. Rear impacts in which the car (often stationary) is struck from the rear by another car.
Head-on accidents are the most numerous in which the driver and the front seat passenger suffer head injuries. That is why the most important function of safety belts is to protect the driver and passenger from head injury. In up-to-date cars various types of safety cushions are used to protect the lives of those sitting in the car.
1. Why do accidents happen on the roads?
2. What main types of accidents do you know?
3. Why are safety belts important?
4. What else is used in cars to protect the driver and passengers?
Краткое сообщение на иностранном языке по теме «Vehicles».
| Одобрен на заседании ПЦК от «__»__________2017 г. протокол № _____ Председатель __________Жукова Т.С. | ЭКЗАМЕНАЦИОННЫЙ БИЛЕТ № 16 по специальности: 190701 «Организация перевозок и управление на транспорте (автомобильном)» дисциплина : «Иностранный язык» | УТВЕРЖДАЮ Руководитель учебного подразделения СПО ________Прошева Н.Н. |
1. Прочитайте и переведите текст на русский язык. Ответьте на вопросы.
Karl Benz
Karl Benz (1844–1929) was a German inventor of the automobile, who devoted his life to making a horseless vehicle. When Benz’s three-wheeled engine-driven machine (the first «car») appeared on the streets in 1885, people couldn’t believe that it moved without the aid of horses. It was a great triumph to him because Benz built a new engine that was lighter and more powerful than any other.
Benz’s first car was a great achievement for him. Everything – the engine, fuel transmission, controls – had been developed and designed by him. The wheels were driven by means of a chain, and there were two speeds.
At that time speed limits were 12 kilometers an hour outside the city, six – inside. Benz realized that he would never be able to improve his cars if this rule were not changed. He invited the Minister to ride in his car. When the milkman passed the car at a good speed, the Minister ordered to go faster. But Benz referred to speed limit. «Never mind», said the Minister. Thus Benz won the day.
1. Who was Karl Benz?
2. How did people react when the first car appeared on the streets?
3. Why was Benz’s first car a great achievement for him?
4. What were the speed limits at that time?
Краткое сообщение на иностранном языке по теме «Logistics services».
| Одобрен на заседании ПЦК от «__»__________2017 г. протокол № _____ Председатель __________Жукова Т.С. | ЭКЗАМЕНАЦИОННЫЙ БИЛЕТ № 17 по специальности: 190701 «Организация перевозок и управление на транспорте (автомобильном)» дисциплина : «Иностранный язык» | УТВЕРЖДАЮ Руководитель учебного подразделения СПО ________Прошева Н.Н. |
1. Прочитайте и переведите текст на русский язык. Ответьте на вопросы.
Brakes are used to slow or stop the car where it is necessary. It is one of the most important mechanisms of the car as upon its proper performance the safety of passengers depends.
Car brakes can be divided into two types, namely: drum brakes and disc brakes. Depending on their functions, the automobile has foot brakes and hand brakes (parking brakes). Brakes are controlled by the brake pedal.
Most braking systems in use today are hydraulic. This system consists of a master cylinder mounted on the car frame and wheel cylinders. When the driver pushes down on the brake pedal, it forces the piston to move in the master cylinder and brake fluid is delivered from it to the wheel cylinders. The piston movement causes brake shoes to move and the brakes are applied.
The air brake uses compressed air to apply the braking force to the brake shoes.
Electric brakes use electromagnets to provide the braking effort against the brake shoes.
1. Why are brakes one of the most important mechanisms of the car?
2. What are two main types of car brakes?
3. What braking systems are in use today?
4. How does hydraulic braking system work?
Краткое сообщение на иностранном языке по теме «Logistics».
| Одобрен на заседании ПЦК от «__»__________2017 г. протокол № _____ Председатель __________Жукова Т.С. | ЭКЗАМЕНАЦИОННЫЙ БИЛЕТ № 18 по специальности: 190701 «Организация перевозок и управление на транспорте (автомобильном)» дисциплина : «Иностранный язык» | УТВЕРЖДАЮ Руководитель учебного подразделения СПО ________Прошева Н.Н. |
1. Прочитайте и переведите текст на русский язык. Ответьте на вопросы.
Engines
The engine is known to be attached to the frame in three or four points. Noise and vibrations are inherent in engine operations. To prevent this noise from passing to the frame, the engine should be insulatedfrom the frame by washers.
The two most common types of engines for cars are the petrol engine end diesel engine.
Petrol engines are usually lighter and smaller than diesel engines. This makes them cheaper, and this is why most cars use petrol engines. Petrol engines are also less noisy then diesel engines. They usually go faster. On the other hand, diesel engines use less fuel then petrol engines, and this is why trucks use them. They are also safer then petrol engines, because there is less danger of fire.
There are two main types of petrol engine – 4-stroke and 2-stroke. All cars use 4-stroke engines. But most motobikes use 2-stroke engines. They are lighter and smaller then 4-stroke engines, and are therefore cheaper.
1. Where is the engine attached?
2. What should be done to prevent the noise from passing to the frame?
3. What are the two most common types of engines for cars?
4. Why do trucks use diesel engines?
Краткое сообщение на иностранном языке по теме «Transport».
Предтекстовые упражнения
Dialogue: Transmission Mechanism
The exercises to be done before reading the text
Упражнение 1. Прочтите слова и словосочетания и выучите их русские эквиваленты.
передача tractive effort — тяговое усилие
running gear — ходовая часть
driving wheels — ведущие колеса
steering system — система рулевого управления
car springs — рессоры автомобиля
flywheel — маховик rear axle — задний мост
clutch — сцепление final drive — главная передача
friction device — фрикционное устройство
crankshaft — коленчатый вал
Упражнение 2. Переведите слова на русский язык, обращая внимание на суффиксы.
to found — foundation; to move — movement.
Упражнение 3. Переведите на русский язык интернациональные слова.
Transmission, system, mechanism, radiator, friction, automobile, cardan, portion, final, accelerator, pedal, position.
Упражнение 4. Переведите предложения на русский язык, используя приведенные в упражнении 1 слова.
1. The chassis includes the running gear, the power transmission and the steering mechanism.
2.The power transmission consists of the clutch, gearbox, cardan shaft, rear axle, final drive, differential and axle shafts.
3.The clutch connects the engine with the driving wheels.
4.The gearbox changes the speed of the car movement.
5.The steering mechanism changes the direction of the car.
*Прочтите и переведите текст, а затем выполните следующие за ним упражнения.
The main units of the chassis are: the power transmission, the running gear and the steering mechanism. The power transmission includes the whole mechanism between the engine and the rear wheels. This entire mechanism consists of the clutch, gearbox, propeller (cardan) shaft, rear axle, final drive, differential and axle shafts.
At the front end of the car is the engine. On the back of it is the flywheel. Behind the flywheel is the clutch. The clutch is a friction device connecting the engine with the gears of the gearbox. The main function of the gearbox is to change the speed of the car.
The power is always transmitted by the cardan shaft to the live back axle. The final drive reduces the high speed of the engine to the low speed of the driving wheels. The differential enables the driving wheels to turn at different speeds which is necessary when turning the car. The foundation of the automobile is the frame to which different chassis units are attached.
The rear axle is capable of moving up and down about the frame. The rear axle is an important part of the transmission. It carries the greater portion of the weight of the car.
The steering mechanism is designed for changing the direction of the car.
The brakes are used for stopping the car, for decreasing its speed and for holding the car position.
The exercises to be done after reading the text
Упражнение 5. Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы.
1.What main units does the chassis consist of?
2.Where is the engine located?
3.Where is the flywheel fixed?
4.Where is the clutch placed?
5.What is the gearbox designed for?
6.By what shaft is the power transmitted to the back axle?
7.What does the rear axle do?
8.. What is the function of the differential?
9. What purpose is the steering system designed for?
10. What is the function of the brakes?
Упражнение 6*. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на Complex Subject.
1.Transmission, running gear and steering mechanism are known to be the main units of the chassis.
2.The clutch is known to connect the engine with the driving wheels of the car.
3.The gearbox is known to change the speed of the car.
4.The steering mechanism is known to change the direction of the car.
5.Brakes are considered to be one of the most important mechanisms of the car.
Упражнение 7. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения (при выполнении задания вы можете обращаться к тексту).
1.Основными узлами шасси являются: трансмиссия, ходовая часть и рулевой механизм.
2.Радиатор расположен в передней части автомобиля.
3.Маховик крепится на задней части двигателя.
4.Сцепление соединяет двигатель с коробкой передач.
5.Коробка передач предназначена для изменения скорости движения автомобиля.
6.Усилие передается карданным валом.
7.Главная передача снижает высокие обороты двигателя до невысоких оборотов ведущих колес.
8.Дифференциал позволяет ведущим колесам вращаться с разной скоростью при повороте автомобиля.
9.Рулевой механизм предназначен для изменения направления движения автомобиля.
10.Тормоза используются для остановки или снижения скорости автомобиля.
Упражнение 8. Подберите из правой колонки соответствующее описание узла или механизма автомобиля, названия, которых представлены в левой колонке.
a).mechanism used to increase the speed of the car
b).wheel used to turn the direction of the car
c).mechanism used to transmit power to the back axle
d).instrument used to measure the speed of the car
e).mechanism that slows or stops the car
f).mechanism used to guide the car
g).mechanism used to engage or disengage the engine with gearbox
h).mechanism used to carry the greater portion of the car weight
e).mechanism used to turn the wheels at different speeds
Упражнение 9. Прочтите диалог и разыграйте его в парах.
Teacher: Let’s speak about the transmission mechanism. What main units does the transmission include?
Student:The transmission is the entire mechanism between the engine and the rear wheels. It includes the clutch, gearbox, cardan shaft, rear axle, final drive and differential.
T.:What does the clutch connect?
S.:The clutch connects the engine with the gearbox.
T.:And what does the gearbox do?
S.:The gearbox changes the speed of the car.
T.:What does the differential enable?
S.:The differential enables the driving wheels to move at different speeds when turning the car.
T.: For what purpose is the steering system used?
S.: The steering system is used for changing the direction of the
T.: And what is the function of the brakes?
S.: Brakes are used to slow or stop the car.
T.: That’s right. You know the subject very well.
Упражнение 10. Переведите текст на русский язык, пользуясь словарем.
Basic Troubles of Transmission Mechanism
The indications of malfunctions in the transmission mechanism components are as follows:
1.incomplete disengagement of the clutch;
2.difficult engagement or self-demeshing of gears;
3.run out and vibration of the cardan-drive shaft.
What to do in these cases:
1.Check the free travel of the clutch pedal and adjust it.
2.Check the oil level in the gearbox housing and wash breather channel.
3.Check to see that all the fastening bolts are securely tightened and that the trunnion crosses fit properly the bearings, and the bearings, in turn, the universal-joint forks.
6.decrease the speed — снижать скорость
7.driven wheels — ведомые колеса
9.engine crankshaft — коленчатый вал двигателя
10. fastening bolts — крепежные болты
15.gear lever — рычаг коробки передач
17.hold the car position — удерживать автомобиль в нужном направлении
18.housing — картер, корпус
19.in turn — в свою очередь 20.incomplete disengagement – неполное отключение (сцепления)
22.fastening bolts-крепёжные болты
24.malfunction — неполадки, неисправная работа
26.move up and down — двигаться вверх и вниз (подпрыгивать на неровной дороге)
32.support — поддерживать, (опираться на)
36.tighten — закреплять, затягивать
39.travelling speed — скорость езды