TEXT A. HIGHER EDUCATION AND TEACHER TRAINING IN GREAT BRITAIN
Nowadays teacher training in Great Britain is realized at universities, polytechnics and colleges of higher education.[45] Students working for their first degree at university are called undergraduates. When they take their degree we say that they graduate and then they are called graduates. If they continue studying at university after they have graduated, they are called post-graduates. In general, the first degree of Bachelor is given to students who pass examinations at the end of three or four years of study.
Further study or research is required at the mode-n universities for the first post-graduate degree of Master, and at all British universities for that of Doctor.
In Britain full-time university students (students who spend all their time studying and have no other employment), have three terms of about ten weeks in each year.[46]
University teaching combines lectures given by professors, readers or lecturers,[47] practical classes (in scientific subjects) and small group teaching in seminars or tutorials.
The course of study for intending teachers is based upon compulsory and optional subjects.
The Programme usually consists of three core components: School-based experience, Subject studies and Education studies.[48]
Theory of Education is one of the main subjects. At the end of the first or second year students are to make their choice as to the age-range of children they wish to prepare to teach.
Junior students go into schools for one day each week, watching experienced teachers at work. They take part in the life of the school, help with games, societies or play productions.
Senior students spend fifteen weeks on teaching practice. They learn the use of different educational aids, audio-visual facilities, observe lessons and take an active part in discussing them with a supervisor (tutor) on school practice.
Examinations are held at the end of each term. Final examinations (or finals) are taken at the end of the course.
(See: Tibbits E. L. Exercises in Reading Comprehension. Longman, 1974)
TEXT B. DIALOGUE
A n n : Hullo, Steve. Have you got a minute?
S t e v e : Sure, yes. What can I do for you?
A.: I’ve read a number of books on the British system of higher education but I can’t make head or tail of it.
S.: Mm. no wonder. What’s the problem?
A.: Quite a lot of problems. What I want to discuss is the difference between a university and a college.
S.: It’s like this, you see. The programme is different. At a university it is much wider. Great attention is paid to scientific subjects.
A: It sounds as though most people prefer a university.
S.: Well. that rather depends.
A.: Speaking about universities I’m not quite clear about tutorials there. What is a tutorial exactly?
S.: Oh, it’s when students discuss topics with a tutor in very small groups — usually there are not more than three or four students and sometimes only one.
A.: I see. And coming back to colleges. I’m still not terribly sure what a residential college is.
S.: Erm. It’s a college with a hall of residence[49] on the same grounds as the principal building. In fact all the students live in hall.
A: Really? and what about the teaching staff?
S.: Actually the majority of the teaching staff live there too. But there are also quite a lot of non-residential colleges.
A: And you studied at university?
A.: I’d like to find myself in that university. What was it like?
S.: Well. a big grey building surrounded by trees.
S.: Nothing very remarkable. Of course there were lecture halls, classrooms and a number of laboratories.
A: Any facilities for sport and P.E.[50]
S.: Let me see. Yes. A gymnasium with changing rooms and showers, a tennis court. What else. A playing field for netball and football.
A.: I believe students spend a lot of time together, don’t they?
S.: Definitely. We had students’ societies and clubs.
A.: Am I right to believe that they are for those interested in drama and music?
S.: Quite. and also politics, modern languages, literature, science and athletics.
A: Ah. that’s worth knowing.
S.: And what I’d like to add is that students themselves organize all those clubs and societies. There is usually a Students’ Council or Union.
A.: Well Steve. Thanks very much. You’ve been most helpful.
TEXT С. HOW TO GET A DEGREE
J.: Well, Arnold, I remember you said once you were a B. A. Perhaps you could tell me how quickly you got those letters after your name?
A.: At university I studied history. It was a 3-year course. And after that I got a B. A degree.
J.: B.A. stands for Bachelor of Arts degree, doesn’t it?
A.: Yes, which reminds me of my neighbour whose son had just got his B. A. A friend asked very seriously: «I suppose your son will try to get an M. A. or Ph. D.»[51] next to which my neighbour answered: «Not at all, now he is trying to get a J-O-B.»
A: Ah. he meant a job! That’s a good joke! (See: English 903, Book 6. Lnd., 1978)
ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY (II)
Words and Word Combinations
A. education system scientific subjects
compulsory education an intending teacher
primary school optional
secondary school core component (core)
comprehensive school school (teaching) practice
public school School-based experience
further education Subject studies
polytechnic Education studies
college of higher education (Theory of) Education
to specialize in main subject
teacher training age-range
degree junior students
undergraduate senior students
graduate play production
post-graduate educational aids
full-time student audio-visual facilities
part-time student visual aids
reader to observe a lesson
lecturer supervisor (tutor)
practical classes to hold examinations
final examinations (finals)
B. tutorial changing room
residential college students’ society
non-residential college Students’ Council (Union)
hall of residence С. а B.A., B.Ed., B.Sc, B.S.E.,
to live in hall B.S.M. degree (Bachelor of
principal building (the Arts, Education, Science,
Senate) Engineering, Medicine etc.)
teaching staff M.A., M.Ed (Master of
Physical Education (P.E.) Arts, Education, etc.)
gymnasium (gym) PhD. (Doctor of Philosophy)
EXERCISES
I. Study Text A and write English equivalents of the following words and phrases. Transcribe them:
педагогическое образование (обучение учителей), политехнический институт, колледж высшего образования, степень, выпускник, аспирант, бакалавр, дальнейшее обучение, исследовательская работа, магистр, студент дневного отделения, студент вечернего отделения, лектор (2 words), практические занятия, будущий учитель, быть основанным на чём-n., обязательный, факультативный, практика в школе, изучение основного предмета, комплекс предметов педагогического цикла, педагогика, профилирующая дисциплина, возрастная группа, студенты младших курсов, постановка пьесы, студенты старших курсов, учебные пособия, аудио-визуальные средства, посещать уроки, руководитель по педпрактике (2 words), проводить экзамены, выпускные экзамены.
Механическое удерживание земляных масс: Механическое удерживание земляных масс на склоне обеспечивают контрфорсными сооружениями различных конструкций.
Организация стока поверхностных вод: Наибольшее количество влаги на земном шаре испаряется с поверхности морей и океанов (88‰).
Higher Education in Great Britain
Сочинение на тему «Высшее образование в Великобритании» на английском языке с переводом на русский язык
Higher Education in Great Britain
Высшее образование в Великобритании
It is generally known that British education is one of the best in the world. The United Kingdom has ancient educational traditions: the famous Oxford University worked already in the 11 th century. Nowadays, the universities of Cambridge, London, Edinburgh, etc. are very prestigious and take the highest positions in various international rankings.
Общеизвестно, что британское образование является одним из лучших в мире. Соединённое Королевство имеет древние образовательные традиции: знаменитый Оксфордский университет работал уже в XI веке. В наши дни университеты Кембриджа, Лондона, Эдинбурга и др. очень престижны и занимают высочайшие позиции в различных международных рейтингах.
Of course, the UK educational system is strong not only because of universities: a student learns to be responsible and hardworking since primary and secondary school. Final exams require serious preparation. Then, students can enter a college to get a practical profession or stay at school for another two years and study profile subjects in depth. This stage called Advanced Level allows entering the university.
Конечно, образовательная система Соединённого Королевства сильна не только благодаря университетам: студент учится быть ответственным и трудолюбивым с начальной и средней школы. Итоговые экзамены требуют серьёзной подготовки. Затем учащийся может поступить в колледж, чтобы получить практическую профессию, или остаться в школе ещё на два года и углубленно изучать профильные предметы. Этот этап, называемый Advanced Level, позволяет поступить в университет.
Higher education includes several levels. It is necessary to study for three or four years (it depends on the specialty) to get Bachelor’s Degree. Two additional years finish with Master’s Degree of research or professional type. If a person wants to do science, he or she continues research (publishes articles, participates in conferences, and writes a thesis) to become a Ph.D.
Высшее образование включает несколько уровней. Необходимо учиться три или четыре года (это зависит от специальности), чтобы получить степень бакалавра. Два дополнительных года завершаются степенью магистра исследовательского либо профессионального типа. Если человек хочет заниматься наукой, он или она продолжает исследование (публикует статьи, участвует в конференциях и пишет диссертацию), для того чтобы стать доктором наук.
British university students enjoy a great variety of kinds of work (theoretical and practical, individual and team), faculties, and educational programs. For example, Oxford University offers numerous classical and new directions of training: from history, philosophy, and zoology to experimental psychology, management, studies of Africa, etc. Qualified professors, deep knowledge with strict standards, and the possibility to vary the academic plan in accordance with personal interests attract many foreign students to Great Britain.
Студенты британских университетов пользуются огромным разнообразием видов работы (теоретической и практической, индивидуальной и командной), факультетов и образовательных программ. Например, Оксфордский университет предлагает многочисленные классические и новые направления подготовки: от истории, философии, зоологии до экспериментальной психологии, менеджмента, изучения Африки и т.д. Квалифицированные профессора, глубокие знания со строгими стандартами и возможность варьировать учебный план в соответствии с личными интересами привлекают в Великобританию многих иностранных студентов.
Higher Education in Great Britain
(Высшее образование в Великобритании)
After finishing secondary school or college you can apply to a university, polytechnic, college of education or you can continue to study in a college of further education.
The academic year in Britain’s universities, Polytechnics, Colleges of education is divided into 3 terms, which usually run from the beginning of October to the middle of December, the middle of January to the end of March, from the middle of April to the end of June or the beginning of July.
There are 46 universities in Britain. The oldest and best-known universities are located in Oxford, Cambridge, London, Leeds, Manchester, Liverpool, Edinburgh, Southampton, Cardiff, Bristol and Birmingham.
Good A-level results in at least 2 subjects are necessary to get a place at a university. However, good exam passes alone are not enough. Universities choose their students after interviews. For all British citizens a place at a university brings with it a grant from their local education authority.
English universities greatly differ from each other. They differ in date of foundation, size, history, tradition, general organization, methods of instruction and way of student life.
After three years of study a university graduate will leave with the Degree of Bachelor of Arts, Science, Engineering, Medicine, etc. Some courses, such as languages and medicine, may be one or two years longer. The degrees are awarded at public degree ceremonies. Later he/she may continue to take Master’s Degree and then a Doctor’s Degree.
The 2 intellectual eyes of Britain – Oxford & Cambridge Universities – date from the 12 & 13 centuries. They are known for all over the world and are the oldest and most prestigious universities in Britain. They are often called collectively Oxbridge, but both of them are completely independent. Only education elite go to Oxford and Cambridge.
The Scottish universities of St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen & Edinburgh date from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
In the nineteenth and the early part of the twentieth centuries the so-called Redbrick universities were founded. These include London, Manchester, Leeds, Liverpool, Sheffield, and Birmingham. During the late sixties and early seventies some 20 ‘new’ universities were set up. Sometimes they are called ‘concrete and glass’ universities. Among them are the universities of Sussex, York, East Anglia and some others.
During these years the government set up 30 Polytechnics. The Polytechnics, like the universities, offer first and higher degrees. Some of them offer full-time and sandwich courses [sandwich course курс обучения, чередующий теорию с практикой; сочетание общеобразовательного и профессионального обучения с работой на производстве] (for working students). Colleges of Education provide two-year courses in teacher education or sometimes three years if the graduate specializes in some Particular subjects.
Some of them who decide to leave school at the age of 16 may go to a further education college where they can follow a course in typing, engineering, town planning, cooking, or hairdressing, full-time or part-time. Further education colleges have strong ties with commerce and industry.
There’s an interesting form of studies which is called the Open University. It’s intended for people who study in their own free time and who ‘attend’ lectures by watching TV and listening to the radio. They keep in touch by phone and letter with their tutors and attend summer schools. The Open University students have no formal qualifications and would be unable to enter ordinary universities.
Some 80,000 overseas students study at British universities or further education colleges or train in nursing, law, banking or in industry.