Moscow
Moscow is the capital of Russia, its political, economic, commercial and cultural centre. It was founded 8 centuries ago by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Historians have accepted the year of 1147 as the start of Moscow’s history.
Gradually the city became more and more powerful. In the 13th century Moscow was the centre of the straggle of Russian lands for the liberation from the tartar yoke. In the 16th century under Ivan the Terrible Moscow became the capital of the new united state. Though Peter the Great moved the capital to St Petersburg in 1712, Moscow remained the heart of Russia. That is why it became the main target of Napoleon’s attack. Three-quarters of the city was destroyed by fire during Napoleon’s occupation, but by the mid-19th century Moscow had been completely restored. After the October revolution Moscow became the capital again.
Now Moscow is one of the largest cities in Europe. Its total area is about nine hundred square kilometres (ancient Moscow occupied the territory of the present-day Kremlin). The population of the city is over 9 million.
Moscow is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. The heart of Moscow is Red Square. It has more historic associations than any other place in Moscow. The Kremlin and St Basil’s Cathedral (Vasily Blazheny) are masterpieces of ancient Russian architecture.
The main Kremlin tower, the Spasskaya Tower, has become the symbol of the country. On the territory of the Kremlin you can see old cathedrals, the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great, the Tzar-Cannon and the Tzar-Bell, the biggest cannon and bell in the world. St Basil’s Cathedral was built in the mid-16th century in memory of the victory over Kazan. There’s a legend that Ivan the Terrible blinded the architects Barma and Postnik, because he didn’t want them to create another masterpiece.
There are a lot of beautiful palaces, old mansions, cathedrals, churches and monuments in Moscow. Now Moscow is being reconstructed and we all hope that in a few years the city will become even more beautiful.
There are more than 100 museums in Moscow. The largest museums are the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the State Tretyakov Gallery. Other unique museums in Moscow include the All-Russia Museum of Folk Arts, the Andrei Rublev Museum of Early Russian Art, Alexei Bakhrushin Theatre Museum, Mikhail Glinka Museum of Musical Culture and many others.
Moscow is famous for its theatres. The best-known of them is the Bolshoi Opera House. Drama theatres and studios are also very popular.
Moscow is a city of students. There are over 100 higher educational institutions in it. Moscow is the seat of the Russian Parliament (the Duma) and the centre of political life of the country.
Текст «Moscow» для чтения и перевода
1). Moscow is the capital of Russia. 2). It is the largest city in our country and one of the largest cities in the world. 3). More than 8 million people live there. 4). Besides, every day about one million people come to Moscow from all over Russia and other countries. 5). Moscow was founded more than 800 years ago by Yuri Dolgoruki. 6). Our capital is situated on the banks of the Moscow River. 7). It is a main political, economic-al and cultural centre of our country. 8). Moscow is the seat of our Government. 9). Here numerous state and government offices are located. 10). The President of Russia lives and works in Moscow.
15). Moscow is the city of highly developed industry. 16). It has numerous modern enterprises, mostly engineering and metalworking plants. 17). They produce machine tools, motor cars, transformers, electric motors, TV sets, watches, etc. 18). Moscow is also a centre of the chemical industry.
19). Moscow is the port of five seas. 20). Four airports connect it with other parts of our country and many other countries. 21). There are nine railway stations in Moscow.
22). Moscow can be called a city of students. 23). There are a great number of schools, gymnasiums, lyceums, colleges, institutes and universities there.
24). Moscow is also an important cultural centre. 25). Worldwide-known theatres (the Bolshoi Theatre, the Maly Theatre, the Moscow Art Theatre, the Theatre in Taganka and many others), museums and art galleries (the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, the Tretyakov Gallery, etc.), exhibition halls are situated there.
26). Moscow is very beautiful. 27). Plenty of green parks, large squares and wide streets make Moscow very attractive.
22). Москву можно назвать городом студентов. 23). Там великое множество школ, гимназий, лицеев, колледжей, институтов и университетов.
26). Москва очень красива. 27). Множество зелёных парков, больших площадей и широких улиц делают Москву очень привлекательной.
1). Moscow is the capital of Russia. 2). It is the largest city in our country and one of the largest cities in the world. 3). More than 8 million people live there. 4). Besides, every day about one million people come to Moscow from all over Russia and other countries. 5). Moscow was founded more than 800 years ago by Yuri Dolgoruki. 6). Our capital is situated on the banks of the Moscow River. 7). It is a main political, economic-al and cultural centre of our country. 8). Moscow is the seat of our Government. 9). Here numerous state and government offices are located. 10). The President of Russia lives and works in Moscow.
15). Moscow is the city of highly developed industry. 16). It has numerous modern enterprises, mostly engineering and metalworking plants. 17). They produce machine tools, motor cars, transformers, electric motors, TV sets, watches, etc. 18). Moscow is also a centre of the chemical industry.
19). Moscow is the port of five seas. 20). Four airports connect it with other parts of our country and many other countries. 21). There are nine railway stations in Moscow.
22). Moscow can be called a city of students. 23). There are a great number of schools, gymnasiums, lyceums, colleges, institutes and universities there.
24). Moscow is also an important cultural centre. 25). Worldwide-known theatres (the Bolshoi Theatre, the Maly Theatre, the Moscow Art Theatre, the Theatre in Taganka and many others), museums and art galleries (the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, the Tretyakov Gallery, etc.), exhibition halls are situated there.
26). Moscow is very beautiful. 27). Plenty of green parks, large squares and wide streets make Moscow very attractive.
besides- кроме того
to be founded- быть основанным
to be situated- быть расположенным
to be locate- быть расположенным
St.Basils Cathedral- Собор Василия Блаженого
machine tools- станки
Russia is one of the largest countries in the world.______________________________________________________
Общая территория страны составляет более 17 млн. квадратных километров____________________________
Russia is washed by twelve seas and three oceans: the Atlantic, the Arctic, the Pacific.__________________________
There are various types of climate on the territory of Russia.______________________________________________
The Volga River is the longest river in Europe ___________________________________________________________
Russia is rich in natural resources. ____________________________________________________________________
Население России составляет почти 150 млн. человек._________________________________________________
Now Russia (the Russian Federative Republic) is a Presidential Republic. _____________________________________
Moscow is the capital of Russia. _____________________________________________________________________
It is the largest city in our country and one of the largest cities in the world. __________________________________
Более 8 миллионов человек живут там._____________________________________________________________
Moscow is a main political, economic-al and cultural centre of our country.__________________________________
Президент России живёт и работает в Москве._______________________________________________________
The heart of Moscow is Red Square._________________________________________________________________
Moscow is the capital and largest c
Moscow is the capital and largest city of Russia. It is also the capital of Moscow Oblast, and it stands on the Moskva River. Moscow is the economic, political and cultural centre of Russia. Railways and numerous airlines link the city with all parts of Russia. Navigable waterways, including the Moscow Canal, Moskva River, and Volga-Don Canal, make the port areas of the city directly accessible to shipping from the Baltic, White, Black, and Caspian seas and the Sea of Azov.
Moscow covers an area of about 880 sq.km. Concentric boulevards divide the city into several sections. At the centre of the concentric circles (and semicircles) are the Kremlin, the former governmental seat of Russia, and adjacent Red Square, which form the centre of a radial street pattern. Moscow has a modern underground system famous for its marble-walled stations.
Situated on the north bank of the Moskva River, the Kremlin is the dominant landmark of Moscow. A stone wall, up to 21 m in height and 19 towers, surrounds this triangular complex of former palaces, cathedrals, and other monuments of tsarist times, some of them dating from the Middle Ages. The Great Kremlin Palace, completed in 1849, is the most imposing structure within the Kremlin. Other notable Kremlin palaces are the Granovitaya Palace (1491) and the Terem (1636).
Among many cathedrals, now used mainly as museums, are the Cathedral of the Assumption (Успения) and the Archangel Cathedral, each with five gilded domes, and the Cathedral of the Annunciation (Благовещения) (13th-14th century), with nine gilded domes. Another landmark of the Kremlin is the Tower of Ivan the Great, a bell tower 98 m high. On a nearby pedestal is the Tsars Bell (nearly 200 tons), one of the largest in the world. A recent addition to the Kremlin is the Palace of Congresses, completed in 1961. In this huge modern building were held meetings of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and congresses of the Communist party of the Soviet Union; theatrical and other artistic performances have been held here as well.
St Basils Cathedral, famous for its unique architecture and coloured domes, stands at one end of Red Square.
One of the best-known sections of Moscow is the Kitaigorod (Chinese City), the ancient commercial quarter lying to the east of the Kremlin. This section is now the site of many government office buildings. Other points of interest in Moscow include the Central Lenin Stadium, comprising about 130 buildings for various sports and the tall Ostankino TV tower, which contains a revolving restaurant and an observation platform.
Москва является столицей и крупнейшим городом России. Это также столица Московской области, и он стоит на берегу Москвы-реки. Москва экономических, политический и культурный центр России. Железные дороги и многочисленные авиакомпании связывают город со всеми частями России. Протяженность судоходных путей, в том числе канал имени Москвы, Москвы-реки, и Волго-Донского канала, чтобы порт районов города непосредственно доступны для судоходства от Балтийского, Белого, Черного и Каспийского морей и Азовского морей. Москва занимает площадь около 880 кв.км. Концентрические бульвары разделить город на несколько секций. В центре концентрических кругов (и полукругов) являются Кремль, бывшая правительственная резиденция России, а рядом Красная площадь, которые образуют центр радиального улице рисунком. Москва имеет современную подземную систему знаменитый своими мраморными стенами станций. Расположенный на северном берегу Москвы-реки, Кремль доминанты Москвы. Каменная стена, до 21 м в высоту и 19 башен, окружает этот треугольный комплекс бывших дворцов, соборов и других памятников царских времен, некоторые из них относятся к средним векам. Большой Кремлевский дворец, завершен в 1849 году, является наиболее внушительная структура в Кремле. Другие известные кремлевские дворцы Грановитая дворец (1491) и Терем (1636). Среди многих соборов, в настоящее время используется в основном в качестве музеев, которые Успенский собор (Успения) и Архангельский собор, каждая с пятью позолоченными куполами, и Благовещенский собор (Благовещения) (13 14-го века), с девятью позолоченными куполами. Другой достопримечательностью Кремля башня Ивана Великого, м колокольня 98. На соседнем постаменте царей Белл (около 200 тонн), один из крупнейших в мире. Недавнее дополнение к Кремлю Дворец конгрессов, завершена в 1961 г. В этом огромном современном здании были проведены заседания Верховного Совета СССР и съездов Коммунистической партии Советского Союза; театральные и другие спектакли были проведены здесь. Санкт Василия Блаженного, известный своей уникальной архитектурой и цветных куполов, стоит на одном конце Красной площади. Один из самых известных участков Москвы Китай-(китайский города), древний коммерческий квартал лежал к востоку от Кремля. В этом разделе теперь местом многих государственных офисных зданий. Среди прочих интересных в Москве являются Центральный стадион имени Ленина, что составляет около 130 зданий в различных видах спорта и высокой Останкинской телебашни, которая содержит вращающийся ресторан и смотровая площадка.