PNEUMONIA
pneumonia- воспаление легких
painful— болезненный
lushed— покрасневшее
delirium – бред
Pneumonia begins suddenly. In most cases the temperature rises quickly. The pulse and breathing are fast. Cough begins early and at first is dry and painful. The patient feels ill, has a flushed face and dry tongue.
In severe cases there may be delirium. A patient in delirium is very restless and the nurse must pay special attention to such patients.
Patients with pneumonia need rest and sleep. The best position for a patient is half – sitting. Fresh air is very important. Give such patients much drink. The diet must be light.
TEXT 7
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MEASLES
measles— корь
dislike— неприязнь. отвращение
Measles is a very infectious disease. The disease passes from one child to another. The first symptoms are: sneezing and coughing. The disease begins with sings of a heavy cold, a running nose and a dry cough. The temperature is high and the child has a dislike of the light.
The rash appears on the third or fourth day behind the ears and around the mouth and then covers the body.
The nurse must be very careful to prevent the spread of infection. The nurse must take care of the hygiene of the mouth. The patient’s mouth and lips must be clean and moist.
TEXT 8
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HOW TO TAKE THE PULSE.
A nurse looks after her patients in the daytime or at night and can see any changes in the patient’s condition. Many of the changes are very important. The nurse must be careful when she takes the patient’s pulse. It is not difficult to take the pulse. Put three fingers of the left hand over the radial artery. Many patients are nervous when they see a nurse or a doctor and the patient’s pulse is faster.
That’s why the nurse must wait a few seconds before she begins to count the pulse. If the nurse sees any changes in the beating of the pulse she must immediately tell the doctor.
Changes in the pulse are very important.
REMEMBER: When you take the pulse you must note;
1. If it is deep or shallow
3. The strength of the beating
TEXT 9
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JAPAN
Since civilization spread from China to Korea and later to Japan, both China and Korea exercised a marked influence on the development of the healing arts of their neighbor to the east. In the sixth century came a development in the medical arts in Japan.
The development supervised all medical education, and students were trained at government expense. The course of study was divided into areas that reflected the four recognized medical specialties: internal medicine, surgery, pediatric and oto – ophthalmo – stomatology.
Lesson 33. Infectious Diseases
Ex.1.Read and memorize the words:
pneumonia — запалення легенів;
flu (influenza) — грип;
scarlet fever — скарлатина;
tuberculosis (TB) — туберкульоз;
typhoid — черевний тиф;
flushed — почервонілий; pneumonia — запалення
delirium — марення; легенів;
Ex.2.Read the texts:
PNEUMONIA
Pneumonia begins suddenly. In most cases temperature rises quickly. The pulse rate and breathing are fast. Cough begins early and, at first, is dry and painful. The patient feels ill, has flushed face and a dry tongue.
In severe cases there may be delirium. A patient with delirium is very restless and the nurse must pay special attention to them.
Patients with pneumonia need rest and sleep. The best position for a patient is semi-sitting. Fresh air is very important. These patients need a lot of liquid and a light diet.
INFLUENZA
Influenza is a very infectious disease. The disease can be mild or severe. The symptoms of influenza are: high temperature, headache and general pain. In most cases, the patient must stay in bed, be warm and drink a lot of water. The patient must stay in bed until the temperature is normal. The next two or three days he may be up for only short periods of time. After being infected with influenza patients feel weak and often depressed. As influenza is very infectious you must remember:
Never shake hands when you have a cold. Colds are communicated by contact. You should wash your hands after shaking hands with many people or people who have colds to prevent yourself from getting sick.
Ex.3.Give the English equivalents:
починається раптово; почервоніле обличчя; сухий язик; у важких випадках; легка дієта; інфекційна хвороба; залишатися в ліжку; слабкий і пригнічений; потиснути руку; передається при контакті; запобігти захворюванню.
Ex.4.Give the Ukrainian equivalents:
need rest and sleep; there may be delirium; very restless; pay special attention; need a lot of liquid and a light diet; to prevent yourself from getting sick; after being infected with influenza.
Ex.5.Say if it is true or false:
1. Pneumonia begins suddenly.
2. The pulse rate and breathing are slow.
3. Coughing is usually bad in case of pneumonia.
4. In most cases there may be delirium.
5. Fresh air is very important for patients with pneumonia.
6. Influenza is a very infectious disease.
7. Colds are not communicated by contact.
Ex.6.Answer the questions to the text:
1. What kind of diseases is pneumonia? 2. What is the pulse rate and breathing? 3. In what cases may there be delirium? 4. What is the best position for a patient? 5. What do these patients need?
Lesson 34. At the Pediatric Department
Ex.1.Read and memorize the words:
To occur — траплятись
To suffer — страждати
To be transmitted — передаватись, переходити
Scarlet fever — скарлатина
Sore throat — запалене горло
Contaminated — забруднений, заражений
chickenpox — вітряна віспа
sweat rash (pricky heat) — пітниця
Ex.2.Match the words-combinations:
specialized knowledge and skills лущення шкіри
implement the nursing process збудник
child health status гостре захворювання
an acute disease спеціальні знання та вміння
require hospitalization крапельним шляхом
the causative agent стан здоров’я дитини
peeling of the skin потребують госпіталізації
droplet exposure впровадження сестринського процесу
Ex.3.Read and translate the text:
At the Pediatric Department
At the Pediatric department children who suffer from diferrent diseases are treated. Working with children is different from working with other populations because changes in child health status (стан здоров’я) occur more rapidly, children are often unable to communicate verbally. All children encounter infectious (communicable) diseases of one type to another.
Nursing care interventions include keeping the child in bed during the febrile period, encouraging fluid and soft food intake, maintaining isolation during the communicable stage, and administering antibiotics and acetaminophen as prescribed. Since most children are not hospitalized, parents, the child, and the family members must understand the illness, its communicability, treatment, and possible complications.
Pertussis (whooping cough) is a highly contagious infection. It occurs most commonly in infants under 6 month of age because they have not yet completed their immunization regimen.
Complications include pneumonia, haemorrhages, hernia, trauma of the tongue, and rectal prolapse. Pertussis immunoglobulin is recommended for children under 2 years of age or for children with severe cases.
Mumps (swelling of the parotid (привушних слинних) glands) is painful and is accompanied by fever, headache, and vomiting, which may be severe. The infection occurs most often in late winter or early spring. Patients should be isolated until the swelling has subsided.
Parents should be taught the signs and symptoms of complications so that they can seek medical treatment should complications arise.
Ex.4.Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents:
specialized knowledge and skills; child health status; abdominal pain; indirect contact; complications include; nursing interventions; maintaining strict respiratory isolation; maintaining adequate fluid and nutritional intake; provision of adequate rest.
Ex.5.Suggest the English equivalents:
хворіють на інфекційні захворювання; скарлатина; інкубаційний період; типові симптоми; сестринські втручання; можливі ускладнення; супроводжується; потребують госпіталізації; запезпечення необхідного відпочинку; дві стадії захворювання; введення антибіотиків.
Ex.6.Say if it true or false:
1. Working with children is different from working with other populations.
2. Scarlet fever is an acute disease that can occur only once.
3. The causative agent belongs to Group B streptococci.
4. The skin feels soft to the touch.
5. The disease is transmitted only through direct contact.
6. Mumps occurs most often in late winter or early spring.
7. Parents should be taught the signs and symptoms of complications.
Ex.7. Skim the text and do exercises:
Infectious diseases can pass from an infectious person to a healthy person in different ways.
Measles
Measles is a very infectious disease. The disease passes from one child to another. The first symptoms are sneezing and coughing. The disease begins with signs of a heavy cold, a running nose and a dry cough. The temperature is high and the child has a dislike of light.
Rash appears on the third or fourth day behind the ears and around the mouth, and then covers the body.
The nurse must be very careful to prevent the spread of infection. The nurse must take care of the mouth hygiene. The patient’s mouth and lips must be clean and moist.
Scarlet Fever
Scarlet fever is an infectious disease. We can often see children ill with this disease, and only sometimes grown-ups.
The disease passes from one person to another through the nose and mouth. The beginning of the disease is quick. The patient has a sore throat, fever, headache, and vomits often. The face is flushed and the skin feels hot and dry. The temperature rises quickly on the first day and remains high for a few days. The rash appears on the second day. After the temperature falls the skin begins to peel. We must isolate the child with scarlet fever and put him/her in bed. When the temperature is high the nurse gives him/her a fluid diet and when the temperature falls she gives him/her nourishing food.
Ex.8.Are the sentences true or false? Correct false statements.
l. An infectious disease is a disease that you get from someone
2. Scarlet fever passes from one person to another only through the mouth.
З. Тhе rash appears in a week.
4. The nurse gives nourishing food when the temperature rises.
5. Measles begin with a cold and a bad cough.
6. The nurse must take care of the mouth hygiene.
7. The first symptom of measles is only coughing.
8. Rash covers the body.
9. The patient’s mouth and lips must be clean.
10. The patient’s temperature in case of measles and scarlet
fever is usually low.
Ex.9.Answer the questions.
l. What does a patient with scarlet fever have?
2. What is the temperature of a patient with scarlet fever?
3. Does skin begin to peel?
4. Must we isolate a person with scarlet fever?
5. What are the first symptoms of measles?
6. When does rash begin in case of measles?
7. How must a nurse look after a patient with measles?
8. What diet must a child with scarlet fever have?
9. What are the symptoms of measles?
СПР №18
Ex.10.Read the words and translate the text:
Spreading of disease — поширення хвороби
Safe disposal — безпечне знищення
Medical waste — медичні відходи
Reusables — речі повторного використання
Tissue — паперова серветка
Generally considered — загальноприйняте
Proper — відповідний, належний
Ex.11.Match the words:
Spreading of disease паперова серветка
Safe disposal речі повторного використання
Medical waste включати
Reusables медичні відходи
Include безпечне знищення
Tissue поширення хвороби
Generally considered карантин
Hygiene
Medical hygiene
Medical hygiene is related to the administration of medicine, and medical care, that prevents or minimizes disease and the spreading of disease.