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The European Economic Community and the European Union
The European Economic Community, or the Common Market, or the EEC was established in 1957 by the Treaty of Rome. The original six member countries of the Community were France, West Germany, Belgium, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Then a few other countries joined the Community. Britain, together with the Irish Republic and Denmark, joined the EEC on 1st January, 1973,
The Community formed an enormous trading area of almost 250 million people, and accounted for two fifths of the world’s trade.
The membership allowed imports to enter member countries either free of duty or at lower customs duties.
All member countries contributed to a common dget for certain purposes, based on relative total tput of goods and services, or gross national oduct.
Under the Community regulations, people of ember countries were allowed to enter freely an-her member state to travel or to work there. The objective of the original six members of the Treaty of Rome was to create a process leading to-ards the goal of unification.
This political purpose was spelled out in 1969 in tie Hague where the objective of «paving the way ir a united Europe» was recognised and was reaf-rmed in 1983 in the Stuttgart Solemn Declaration; tid in 1986 in the Single European Act, member states undertook «to transform relations as a whole mong their states into a European Union, and tipulated that the European Communities and European Political Cooperation would have as their ‘bjectives to contribute together to making con-rete progress towards European Unity».
The process of creating an economic involve-nent and dependence that would go far to meet nost member states ultimate goal of European Jnity was realised in 1992 with the signing at Maastricht of the Treaty on European Union, which set as its objective the establishment of «a European Union. a new stage in the process of creating an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe». Provision was made for the Union to be¬come a reality through, inter alia, the establish¬ment of economic and monetary union, including the creation of a single currency (the euro) and the introduction of Union citizenship (and eventually removal of frontiers, under the Shengen System).
Moreover, the Union would «assert its identity in the international scene, in particular through the implementation of a common foreign and security policy ».
The EU consists of fifteen member states, namely:
Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
• The Union has the following institutions:
• The Commission
• The Council of the European Union
• The European Parliament
• The European Court of Justice
The Secretariat of the European Union is in Brussels.
Европейское Экономическое Сообщество и Европейский Союз
Европейское Экономическое Сообщество, или Общий рынок, или ЕЭС были установлены в 1957 в соответствии с Соглашением относительно Рима. Оригинал шесть государств — членов Сообщества был Франция, Западная Германия, Бельгия, Италия, Люксембург и Нидерланды. Тогда несколько других стран присоединились к Сообществу. Англия, вместе с Ирландской Республикой и Данией, присоединилась к ЕЭС 1-ого января 1973,
Сообщество сформировало огромную область торговли почти 250 миллионов людей, и составляло(объясняло) два fifths всемирной торговли.
Членство разрешило импорту входить в государства — членов или свободный от обязанности или за более низкие таможенные пошлины(обязанности).
Все государства — члены вносили вклад в общий(обычный) dget для некоторых целей, основанных на относительном общем количестве tput товаров и услуг, или национального oduct брутто.
Согласно инструкциям Сообщества, людям ember стран позволяли войти свободно — в ее государство — члена, чтобы путешествовать или работать там. Цель оригинала шесть членов Соглашения относительно Рима состояла в том, чтобы создать процесс, ведущий Ардсу цель объединения.
Эта политическая цель разъяснять в 1969 в связи(галстуке) Гаага, где цель » прокладывание пути ir объединенная Европа » была признана и была reaf-rmed в 1983 в Штутгартской Торжественной Декларации; tid в 1986 в Единственном(отдельном) Европейском Акте, государства — члены ручались » преобразовывать отношения в целом mong их государства в Европейский Союз, и tipulated, который Европейские Общины и Европейское Политическое Сотрудничество будут иметь, поскольку их ‘ bjectives, чтобы внести вклад вместе в создание подставят-rete продвижение(прогресс) к Европейскому Единству «.
Процесс создания экономического вовлекает-nent и зависимость, которая шла бы далеко встречаться, nost цель предела государств — членов Eвропейца Джнити была осознана в 1992 с подписанием в Maastricht Соглашения относительно Европейского Союза, которые устанавливают как его цель учреждение » Европейский Союз. Новая стадия в процессе создания когда-либо более близкого союза среди народов Европы «. Условие было сделано для Союза, чтобы стать действительностью через, хоронить alia, учреждение экономического и денежно-кредитного союза, включая создание единственной(отдельной) валюты (euro) и представление гражданства Союза (и в конечном счете удаление границ, под Shengen Системой).
Кроме того, Союз » утверждал бы его идентичность в международной арене, в особенности через выполнение общих(обычных) иностранного и политику(полис) безопасности «.
ЕС состоит из пятнадцати государств — членов, а именно:
Австрия, Бельгия, Дания, Финляндия, Франция, Германия, Греция, Ирландия, Италия, Люксембург, Нидерланды, Португалия, Испания, Швеция и Великобритания.
• Союз имеет следующие учреждения:
• Комиссия
• Совет Европейского Союза
• Европейский парламент
• Европейский Суд Правосудия
Секретариат Европейского Союза находится в Брюсселе.
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