EXERCISE 6.
a) Translate the following definitions of the words:
1) A skill is a special ability to do something well, especially as gained by learning and practice.
2) A sense is good and especially practical understanding.
3) A manner is the way or method in which something is done or happens.
4) An adult is a fully grown person, especially a person over an age stated by law, usually 18 or 21.
5) A heritage is an object, custom, or quality which is passed down over many years within a nation, social group, or family, and is thought of as something valuable and important which belongs to all its members.
b) The following words also appear in the texts and dialogues; match each one with its correct definition:
carpentry, to transmit, experience, to gain, intelligent
1) the art of work of a person who is skilled at making and repairing wooden objects, especially one who does this as a job;
2) having or showing powers of learning, reasoning, or understanding;
3) to send or pass from one person, place, thing to another;
4) knowledge or skill which comes from practice in an activity or doing something for a long time, rather than from books;
5) to get something useful, wanted.
EXERCISE 7. Read and translate the sentences; memorize the use of the Infinitive:
1. To see the wide grasslands is interesting.
2. They began to describe the climate of Russia.
3. I want to visit my relatives.
4. He wants to collect stamps.
5. They have an idea to restore this monument.
6. To prepare a report about the natural resources of Russia I went to the library.
7. To know the history of any country is useful.
8. It helps me to understand better the people’s customs and traditions.
9. I don’t want to talk about it.
10. On the Russian flag, there are three stripes (white, blue, and) to symbolize the earth, the sky and the freedom.
EXERCISE 8. Transform these sentences according to the models to practice the use of the Infinitive:
a) Model: The customs and traditions, which we should study, are very interesting. → The customs and traditions to be studied by us are very interesting.
1. The museum, which they should visit, is far from here.
2. The book, which the students should read, is interesting.
3. The report, which I should prepare, is about the climate of this country.
4. The ring, which he should present, is very beautiful.
5. The sweater, which she will put on, is of the white color.
b) Model: Чтобы лучше знать историю, ты должен читать больше исторических книг. → То know the history better, you must read more historical books.
1. Чтобы понять народ этой страны, вы должны знать их обычаи и традиции.
2. Чтобы подготовить этот доклад, вы должны пойти в библиотеку.
3. Чтобы хорошо знать географию, вы должны изучать карту.
4. Чтобы учиться в этом университете, вы должны получать хорошие оценки.
5. Чтобы получать хорошие оценки, я должен усердно учиться.
EXERCISE 9. Translate the sentences paying attention to the construction “There + be + noun”
1. В этой комнате большое окно.
2. В парке было много детей.
3. В классе несколько студентов.
4. В контрольной работе не было ошибок.
5. В этом журнале есть интересные статьи?
6. В нашем городе несколько театров и много кинотеатров.
7. В портфеле есть учебник и пять тетрадей.
8. В этой комнате есть телефон?
9. Сейчас нет времени переводить эту статью.
10. На доске было написано несколько английских предложений.
11. Рядом с этим офисом есть школа.
12. В этой книге много новых слов. Новые слова на шестой странице.
Методическое пособие по английскому языку «Неличные формы глагола»
Данное методическое пособие содержит изложенные в доступной и сжатой форме неличные формы глагола (инфинитив, причастие, герундий). Пособие рекомендуется для использования на практических занятиях по английскому языку для студентов II – III курсов.
Цель учебного пособия — научить студентов правильно употреблять неличные формы глагола и их обороты, как в устной речи, так и в письменной.
Пособие состоит из трех частей. Каждая часть сопровождается теоретическими комментариями-пояснениями и таблицами с примерами, что дает возможность в наглядной форме изложить весь объем подлежащего усвоению материала. Грамматические упражнения обеспечивают тренировку все грамматических конструкций, характерных для неличных форм глагола.
Дидактический материал подобран с целью использования интерактивных технологий для закрепления знаний.
Коротченкова Надежда Владимировна, преподаватель английского языка ОБПОУ «Железногорский политехнический колледж»
Печатается по решению научно-методического совета колледжа
(Неличные формы глагола)
Functions of the infinitive ( Функции инфинитива ):
Our task was to solve this problem – Наша задача — решить эту проблему
переводится неопределенной формой глагола
I want to go to America. – Я хочу поехать в Америку .
переводится с союзом «чтобы»
To know English well you must study hard . – Чтобы хорошо знать английский язык, вы должны усердно заниматься
переводится обычно придаточным определительным предложением с союзом «который», вводя модальность словами «надо», «нужно», «необходимо», «должны» или будущим временем.
This is a good book to read. – Это хорошая книга , чтобы почитать .
Translate sentences paying attention to the infinitive.
1. To see the wide grasslands is interesting.
2. They began to describe the climate of Russia.
3. I want to visit my relatives.
4. He wants to collect stamps.
5. They have an idea to restore this monument.
6. To prepare a report about the natural re sources of Russia I went to the library.
7. To know the history of any country is useful.
8. It helps me to understand better the people’s customs and traditions.
9. I don’t want to talk about it.
10. On the Russian flag, there are three stripes (white, blue, and red) to symbolize the earth, the sky, the freedom.__________________________________________________________________________
2. Translate sentences using the infinitive.
Вот правило, которое надо запомнить.
3. Работа, которую необходимо сделать, займет два часа
Почему важно учить английский язык?
5. Знать все — значит, ничего не знать.
Употребление инфинитива без частицы to :
После модальных глаголов (can, could, must, may, should, need)
She can speak English.
После глаголов let (позволять), make (заставлять)
My mother does not let me eat a lot of sweets.
После выражений I would rather — я лучше , You had better — тебе лучше .
You look tired. You had better go home.
После глаголов восприятия в составе сложного дополнения.
See (видеть), watch (наблюдать), hear (слышать), notice (наблюдать), feel (чувствовать).
They heard the girl cry out with joy.
Put “to” where it is necessary.
1. What makes you …..think you are right?
She made me …….repeat my words several times.
I saw him…..enter the room.
It is high time for you……go to bed
I would rather …..stay at home today
Would you like…..go to England?
He did not want ……play in the yard any more
That funny scene made me …..laugh
May I …..use your phone?
Do you like ….listen to music?
I shall do all I can ….help you.
I wanted …speak to Nick, but could not ….find his phone number.
2. Make the sentences according to the model.
Model: The boy had many toys which he could play with . – The boy had many toys to play with.
Here is something which will warm you up.
Here are some articles which must be translated for tomorrow .
I have brought you a book which you can read now , but be sure and return it by Saturday.
The girl was quite young when both parents died and she remained alone with two younger brothers whom she had to take care of.
Soon we found that there was another complicated problem that we were to consider.
I have an examination which I must take soon , so I can’t go to the theatre with you.
I have no books which I can read .
Forms of the infinitive
Значение форм инфинитива.
I am glad to speak with you
Рад поговорить с вами (всегда радуюсь, когда говорю)
I am glad to be speaking with you
Рад, что сейчас разговариваю
I am glad to have spoken with you
I am glad to have been speaking with you
Рад, что уже давно (все это время) разговариваю
I am (always) glad to be told the news
Всегда рад, когда мне рассказывают новости
I am glad to have been told the news
Рад, что мне рассказали
Read the sentences, translate them. Find the infinitive and define its form.
I want to take part in the table-tennis competition
It’s not pleasant to be waiting for you here
There is nothing to be done
I am sorry not to have brought you the book
This work can be done in an hour
The tourists were discussing where to go and what to do
I want to support you
I want to be supported by you
They are sorry not to have passed their entrance exams with excellent marks
I must have left my exercise-book at home.
Transform the sentences according to the model
Model: We were surprised when we saw him here again. – We were surprised to see him here again.
I am glad when I met my friend in the street.
Ann was surprised when she heard Peter’s voice.
We hope that we shall master English at the University.
They are glad that they have seen this play.
He hoped that he would see her some day.
He was sure that he would live in the hotel.
The lecturer was satisfied when he saw many students in the classroom.
Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the infinitive.
He seems ………a lot. (to read)
He seems ……….now. (to read)
He seems ……….since morning. (to read)
He seems ………. all the books in the library. (to read)
He expected …….by the teacher. (to help)
She seems ……….at this problem ever since she came here. (to work)
I want ……………you to the concert. (to take)
I want ………….. to the concert by my father. (to take)
The Infinitive Constructions
Complex Object (Сложное дополнение)
Инфинитивная конструкция «Сложное дополнение» является в предложении одним членом предложения – сложным дополнением и представляет собой сочетание местоимения в объектном падеже или существительного с инфинитивом.
They want him to test this plane
Они хотят чтобы он испытал этот самолет
Данная конструкция употребляется в следующих случаях:
после глаголов физического восприятия:
to hear — слышать to watch – наблюдать
to see – видеть to feel – чувствовать
to notice – наблюдать
I heard him sing a song. — я слышал, как он пел песню.
после глаголов принуждения, разрешения:
She made him do it . – Она заставила его сделать это.
после глаголов умственного восприятия:
to find – находить to consider- считать
to think – думать to believe- полагать
We know him to study here. – Мы знаем, что он учится здесь.
to want — хотеть to wish- желать , хотеть
I want them to do this. – Я хочу, чтобы они сделали это.
после глаголов принуждения, разрешения:
She allowed the book to be put on the shelf. – Она разрешила , чтобы книгу поставили на полку .
1. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Complex Object.
1 . We heard the bell ring
2. You surely don’t expect me to do all that work in one day, do you?
3. I expect you to work hard
4. The mother wanted her children to help her with her housework.
5. He heard her open the door
6. They required us to take an examination.
7. My dad does not let me watch TV for more than an hour a day.
8. Teacher would like us to come to class regularly and on time.
2. Transform the sentences according to the model
1. My father said I could use hid car – My father allowed me to use his car
2. I was surprised that it rained — I didn’t expect _________________
3. Don’t stop him doing what he wants – Let________________________
4. He looks older when he wears glasses — Glasses make ______________
5. I think you should know the truth – I want ________________________
Complex Subject ( Сложное подлежащее )
Инфинитивная конструкция «Сложное подлежащее» состоит из личного местоимения в именительном падеже или существительного и инфинитива, которые вместе образуют сложное подлежащее.
He is said to test this plane
Говорят, что он испытывает этот самолет
Данная конструкция употребляется, когда сказуемое выражено:
1) глаголами в форме Passive Voice :
to believe – полагать to know — знать
to assume – считать, допускать to see — видеть
to suppose — предполагать
to consider – считать, полагать
to show — показывать
to expect – ожидать
He is said to study here. – Говорят, что он учится здесь
2) глаголами в форме Active Voice
to seem — казаться to prove — оказываться
to appear – казаться, по-видимому
to happen – случаться
He seems to know her very well . – Кажется, что он знает ее очень хорошо.
3 ) глаголом to be в сочетании с прилагательными
to be likely – вероятно , может
to be sure, to be certain – несомненно , наверняка
He is sure to come . – Он обязательно придет .
1. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
Many books are known to be published in our country every day.___________________
You are supposed to graduate in four years._____________________________________
His invention is considered to be of great importance._____________________________
The man was seen to take off his coat._________________________________________
Clyde was expected to arrive at the weekend.___________________________________
We most of us want a good many things that we are not likely to get.________________
She appeared to be an excellent actress.________________________________________
The operation seemed to be a complicated one.__________________________________
You can easily get in through the window if the door happens to be locked.___________
This article is likely to appear in the next issue of the journal.______________________
2. Transform the sentences according to the model
Model: It appeared that they had lost the way. – They appeared to have lost the way.
1. It appeared that he was losing patience.
2. It happened that I was present at the opening session.
3. It turned out that my prediction was correct.
4. It seems they know all about it.
5. It seemed that the house had not been lived in for a long time.
6. It appeared that he had not heard what had been said.
7. It seemed that the discussion was coming to an end.
3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English
Предполагают, что заседание закончится в десять часов.
Оказалось, что мы уже встречались.
Условия работы оказались более трудными, чем предполагалось.
Говорят, что эта статья переведена на все языки мира.
Вальтер Скотт считается создателем исторического романа.
Похоже, что он выиграет приз. ___________________________________________
Functions of the Participle I ( Функции причастия I):
Причастием на –щий ( ся) -вший
The reading student is my friend.
Читающий студент мой друг .
1)Причастным оборотом или
2) определительным придаточным предложением
The student reading a book is my friend.
1)Студент, читающий книгу, мой друг
2) Студент, который читает книгу, мой друг
деепричастием на –я, -в.
Обстоятельственным придаточным предложением
Существительным с предлогом при
When /while reading this story he remembered his youth
1)Читая этот рассказ, он вспомнил свою молодость
2)Когда он читал этот рассказ, он вспомнил свою молодость
3) При чтении этого рассказа, он вспомнил свою молодость
Functions of the Participle II ( Функции причастия II):
Причастием на –нный, -мый, -тый
The used method was very important
Применяемый метод был очень важен.
1)Причастным оборотом или
2) определительным придаточным предложением
The text translated by the students is not difficult
1)Текст, переведенный студентами, нетрудный
2) Текст, который был переведен студентами, нетрудный
2)Обстоятельственным придаточным предложением
3)Существительным с предлогом при
Water becomes ice when cooled
1)Охлаждаясь, вода превращается в лед
2)Вода превращается в лед, когда охлаждается
3) При охлаждении вода превращается в лед.
Forms of the Participle
being changed – изменяющийся
being written- пишущийся
having changed — изменившись
having been changed
когда его изменили
having been written — когда его написали
1. Translate the sentences paying attention to the function of the participle.
He bought me a few illustrated magazines._____________________________________
Having lost the key, he could not go into the room_______________________________
Turning to the left, we saw a large new building_________________________________
Tomorrow we will test the machine constructed by our engineers.___________________
During the lecture I noticed a man sitting in the corner and listening to the lecturer with great attention.___________________________________________________________
Not knowing the way to the station, I decided to ask a man standing at the corner.__________________________________________________________________
The questions discussed at the last meeting are very important______________________
We regularly receive lists of books published in Moscow._________________________
2. Write all the forms of the participle.
to forget to begin
3. Translate the sentences and define the function of the participle.
All the students studying at our University must know foreign languages_______________________________________________________________
You must learn all the words given on page 125.________________________________
Travelling about the country, he saw a lot of interesting towns___________________________________________________________________
When speaking at the meeting yesterday, I forgot this fact_________________________
Not knowing his address, I couldn’t visit him.___________________________________
Waiting for him I looked through the magazines lying on the table.___________________________________________________________________
Having passed all the exams he left for the country._________________________________________________________________
4. Choose the correct form of the participle.
We listened to the girls (singing, sung) Russian folk songs.
We listened to the Russian folk songs (singing, sung) by the girls.
The girl (washing, washed) the floor is my sister.
The floor (washing, washed) by Helen looked very clean.
The exercises (doing, done) by the pupils were easy.
The girl (writing, written) on the blackboard is our best pupil.
Read the (translating, translated) sentences once more.
Name some places (visiting, visited)by you last year
I picked up the pencil (lying, lain) on the floor
She was reading the book (buying, bought) the day before.
Yesterday we were at a conference (organizing, organized) by the pupils of the 10 th form.
5. Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the participle .
(to phone) ……..the agency, he left ……..(to say) he would be back in two hours.
(to write) ………in very bad handwriting, the letter was difficult to read.
(to spend)……. twenty years abroad, he was happy to be coming home
(to translate)……… by a good specialist, the story preserved all the sparkling humour of the original.
(to wait) ……….for some time in the hall, he thought over the problem he was planning to discuss with the old lady.
She went to work, ………..(to leave) the child with the nurse.
(to write)……….. his first book, he could not help worrying about the reaction of the critics.
Оборот «Объектный падеж с причастием»
После глаголов, чувственного восприятия to see , to watch , to observe , to notice , to hear , to feel , употребляется оборот «Объектный падеж с причастием настоящего или прошедшего времени», который представляет собой сочетание местоимения в объектном падеже или существительного в общем падеже и причастия настоящего или прошедшего времени. Этот оборот аналогичен обороту «Объектный падеж с инфинитивом» и играет в предложении роль дополнения.
I heard her singing . — Я слышал, как она пела.
Глагол to have с оборотом «объектный падеж с причастием прошедшего времени» означает, что действие совершается не самим подлежащим, а для него или за него.
I have my hair cut yesterday. — Я постриг волосы вчера.
I have my shoes mended in that shop. — Я чиню (мне чинят) ботинки в этой мастерской.
Translate the sentences paying attention to the participial construction.
1. Не wants the documents sent by air mail.__________________________________________
2. I heard her telling him about it.__________________________________________________
3. I saw workers packing the goods._________________________________________________
4. I watched them going down the mountain.__________________________________________
5. She found him smoking.________________________________________________________
6. We heard the piano playing in the next room._______________________________________
7. I felt her trembling from head to foot._____________________________________________
8. My little sister likes me reading to her.____________________________________________
9. We saw them talking in the corner of the room.______________________________________
10. Manager wants the work done immediately._______________________________________
2. Fill the blanks with the proper form of the verb «to have»,
We must. the grass . It is far too long (to cut).
Your roof is leaking, you should. it. (to repair).
My skirt is too long. I must . (to shorten).
No one will be able to read your notes. I know, I. them. (to type).
That’s a good piano but you should. it. .(to tune).
I’ve got paint on my new coat; now I’ll have to. (to clean).
He didn’t like the color of the curtains so he. (to dye).
That tooth is giving you a lot of trouble; you should. (to take out).
The room is very shabby; but I . next month (to redecorate).
They couldn’t find a house to suit them so they . one . ( to build ).
Самостоятельный причастный оборот
Причастные обороты, в которых причастие имеет свое собственное подлежащее, выраженное существительным в общем падеже, называются
самостоятельными причастными оборотами. Имея собственное подлежащее,
они не связаны с подлежащими предложения.
Самостоятельные причастные обороты соответствуют в русском языке
либо придаточным предложениям, либо самостоятельным предложениям.
The sun having risen, После того, как солнце взошло, они
they continued their way. продолжили свой путь .
The weather being fine, Так как погода была хорошая, они
they went for a walk. пошли гулять .
Present Participle следует переводить настоящим временем, если сказуемое
выражено глаголом в настоящем времени, и прошедшим временем, если
сказуемое стоит в прошедшем времени:
We have three lectures У нас три лекции сегодня, причем
today, the last being on Philosophy. последняя по философии .
Perfect Participle всегда переводится прошедшим временем:
The work having been После того, как работа была закончена,
completed, we went home. мы пошли домой .
Для того, чтобы распознать самостоятельный оборот в тексте, следует
помнить его формальные признаки:
1) Перед причастием стоит существительное в общем падеже без предлога
(или местоимение в именительном падеже);
2) Самостоятельный причастный оборот всегда отделен запятой.
Translate the sentences.
My task having been finished, I went home.
Peter being away, John had to do his work.
It being very cold, they made a fire.
The game having ended, the people went home.
Nobody being there, I went away.
My brother having taken the key, I couldn’t enter the house.
Dinner being over, we went into the garden.
The weather being fine, all the windows were opened.
The play being very popular, it was difficult to get tickets.
The weather being nasty, they stayed at home.
2. Transform the sentences according to the model
Model: When the meeting was over , we went home. -T he meeting being over , we went home
1.Radio was invented in Russia, its inventor was a Russian scientist A.S. Popov.
2 . When the vacations were finished , we began our studies.
3. As her brother was very ill , she couldn’t go to the university that day.
4. We had three lectures yesterday, the last was on mathematics .
5. To translate this text without a dictionary is difficult for him because the text
contains too many new words._____________________________________________________
6. As soon as the work had been completed , we went home._________________________________________________________________________
7. After the experiment was carried out , we decided to have a rest.
8. As the weather was terribly cold , we didn’t want to go for a walk.
9. As the train was late , he had to spend a night at the station.
Functions of the Gerund ( Функции герундия ):
Learning English is hard but necessary. – Изучение английского трудно , но необходимо .
Именная часть составного сказуемого
His great pleasure is reading – Большое удовольствие для него – чтение
переводится неопределенной формой глагола
Ann enjoys dancing — Анна любит танцевать
On hearing the news he got very angry — Услышав новости , он удивился
Forms of the Gerund ( Формы герундия )
С некоторыми глаголами используется только герундий:
enjoy — получать удовольствие
dislike – не нравится
go on – продолжать doing something
give up – отказаться от
can ’ t stand – не могу выносить
Give up eating sugar . It is not good for your health. – Откажитесь от того , чтобы есть сахар . Это вредно для вашего здоровья.
С некоторыми глаголами используется как герундий, так и инфинитив:
hate – ненавидеть doing
prefer – предпочитать to do
Sasha stopped reading and fell asleep. — Саша прекратил читать и заснул .
Герундий употребляется после некоторых глаголов с предлогами:
depend on — зависеть от
rely on – полагаться на
insist on – настаивать на
object to – возражать против
agree to – соглашаться на
think of — думать о
thank for – благодарить за
prevent from – помешать , препятствовать doing something
be fond of — любить
be sure of – быть уверенным
be pleased at or with – быть довольным
be surprised at – удивляться чему — либо
be interested in – интересоваться чем — либо
be afraid of – бояться чего — либо
look forward to – ждать с нетерпением
I insist on doing what you want . – Я настаиваю, чтобы вы делали то, что вы хотите.
1. Read the sentences and define the function of the gerund.
1. Driving at a high speed is dangerous._________________________________________________
2. I think this question isn’t worth discussing.____________________________________________
3. It is no use (useless) arguing with him.________________________________________________
4. Do you mind having a cup of coffee?_________________________________________________
5. It looks like raining soon.__________________________________________________________
6. I am looking forward to seeing you again._____________________________________________
7. He was fond of reading adventures books and had a dream of becoming a traveler.___________________________________________________________________________
8. We are tired of listening to your complaints.___________________________________________
9. He has a gift of telling funny stories._________________________________________________
10. What do you prefer: going by train or by plane?_________________________________________
11. I remember having met him in Paris before the war.______________________________________
12. The child was afraid of being punished._______________________________________________
2. Translate the sentences paying attention to the forms of the gerund.
She likes cooking and is very good at it._______________________________________
She hates being laughed at._________________________________________________
She has always dreamt of travelling round the world._____________________________
She loves meeting people because she can’t bear being alone.______________________
He keeps insisting on my going to the south.___________________________________
At last she broke the silence by inviting everybody to walk into the dining room.___________________________________________________________________
After being corrected by the teacher the students’ papers were returned to them.___________________________________________________________________
I wondered at my mother’s having allowed the journey.___________________________
3. Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the gerund.
The machine needs ………..(to clean)
I m quite serious in ………..(to say) that I don’t want to go abroad.
He seemed sorry for ………(to be) inattentive to his child.
The old man could not stand ………..(to tell) what he should do.
After thoroughly …………….(to examine) by the examination commission, the student was given a satisfactory mark.
This job is not worth ………….(to take).
After thoroughly ………..(to examine) the student, the professor gave him a satisfactory mark.
Excuse me for ………….(to break) your beautiful vase.
Translate the sentences .
Я одобряю ваше желание учить немецкий язык
Вы не возражаете, если я пойду гулять?
Я не могу не смеяться, когда смотрю на вас
Я думаю о том, чтобы поехать в Австралию
Плохая погода помешала нам поехать за город.